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Extrajudicial killing
An extrajudicial killing is the killing of a person by governmental authorities without the sanction of any judicial proceeding or legal process. Extrajudicial punishments are mostly seen by humanity to be unethical, since they bypass the due process of the legal jurisdiction in which they occur. Extrajudicial killings often target leading political, trade union, dissident, religious, and social figures and may be carried out by the state government or other state authorities like the armed forces or police.
Extrajudicial killings and death squads are common in Iraq,〔(Torture and Extrajudicial Killings in Iraq )〕〔(USA: An Extrajudicial Execution by the CIA? | Amnesty International )〕〔(Proof of US orchestration of Death Squads Killings in Iraq )〕〔(Soccer Dad: Extra-judicial killings, hamas style )〕 Central America,〔(El Salvador: The spectre of death squads | Amnesty International )〕〔(El Salvador: War, Peace, and Human Rights, 1980–1994 )〕 Colombia, Afghanistan, Pakistan,〔
〕 Bangladesh,〔(Bangladesh: Release Journalist and Rights Activist | All American Patriots )〕〔http://www.irinnews.org/report/93477/bangladesh-calls-for-end-to-torture-extrajudicial-killings〕〔https://news.vice.com/article/bangladesh-police-accused-of-extrajudicial-killings-in-protest-crackdown〕 several nations or regions in Africa,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ethiopia – extrajudicial killing/torture/arbitrary arrests )〕 Jamaica,〔 Note: first page of this article is missing from The Washington Post website, but can be found (here )〕 Kosovo,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.unhchr.ch/Huridocda/Huridoca.nsf/TestFrame/ffdab064dd4600ba802567dd00351af3?Opendocument )〕 parts of South America,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://hrw.org/wr2k2/americas10.html )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://hrw.org/wr2k3/americas10.html )〕〔(Brazil: Irene Khan urges government collaboration to end violence | Amnesty International )〕 allegedly Russia, Uzbekistan, parts of Thailand,〔(THAILAND: Extrajudicial killing, impunity )〕 Turkey,〔https://www.todayszaman.com/columnist/gunal-kursun/closing-investigations-into-extrajudicial-killings-in-turkey_358710.html〕〔The report (Turkey: Extra-judicial Executions (AI Index: EUR 44/45/90) ) was accessed on 10 September 2009〕〔http://www.todayszaman.com/news-344936-mit-bill-raises-concerns-about-possible-boost-in-extrajudicial-killings.html〕〔http://www.thenational.ae/news/world/europe/turkish-military-officer-confirms-kurd-killings〕 in the Philippines.〔http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/topstories/topstories/view/20060725-11686/Arroyo_fails_to_take_steps_to_end_extrajudicial_killings Arroyo fails to take steps to end extrajudicial killings〕〔(STOP Extra-Judicial Killings in the Philippines )〕〔(Scared Silent: Impunity for Extrajudicial Killings in the Philippines )〕and it is practiced by Israel against Palestinians in the West Bank,〔('Israel/OPT: Investigate apparent extrajudicial execution at Hebron hospital,' ) Amnesty International 12 November 2015.'The killing of Abdullah Shalaldah is the latest in a pattern of killings by Israeli forces which Amnesty International considers to have been unlawful. . Attacks on civilians are never justified, but Israeli forces have responded with intentional lethal use of force in many cases where it was not warranted.Israeli forces have killed at least 18 Palestinians in and around the city of Hebron in recent weeks, including in cases that appear to be extrajudicial executions,〕and abroad.〔Nils Melzer, (''Targeted Killing in International Law,'' ) Oxford University Press 2008 pp.28-29,32,36, 437-8,440-1:'Israel has repeatedly declared that such targeted killings were part of a deliberate long-term policy' (p.29)〕 One of the most recent issues regarding extrajudicial killing has been the debate about the legal and moral status of targeted killing by unmanned aerial vehicles by the United States.
== Argentina ==
Argentina's dictatorial government during the 1976-83 period used extrajudicial killings systematically as way of crushing the opposition in the so-called 'Dirty War'.〔(Veinticinco años del informe de la Conadep ) 〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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